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Headings
Make sure that you use headings consistently throughout the text.
You should identify the hierarchy of your headings. Please use a coding system, whereby you insert <<CH>> at the start of the chapter heading, <<A>> to indicate the most important heading in a series, followed by <<B>>, <<C>> etc. (see Example 1).
Example 1 Coding headings to indicate the hierarchy
<<CH>>12 Management of acute medical crisis
This chapter outlines the management of a range of acute medical crises occurring in the critically ill patient...
<<A>>Clinical acid–base disorders
Increased intake, altered production or impaired/excessive secretion of acid or base leads to derangements in blood pH. ...//... It is also essential to prevent the acute and long-term metabolic consequences of acid–base derangement.
<<B>>Metabolic (non-respiratory) acidosis
This arises from abnormal loss of HCl or increased generation or intake of acid, resulting in a subnormal arterial blood pH <7.36, with a base deficit of >2 mmol/l.1 ...//... The role of alkalinising agents is controversial, and these must be used with caution.
<<B>>Diabetic ketoacidosis
This occurs in undiagnosed diabetics and previously diagnosed diabetics following an acute insult such as infection. It is a combination of hyperglycaemia, ketosis and metabolic acidosis.
<<C>>Insulin therapy
Hyperglycaemia is corrected slowly (2–4 mmol/h) with a short-acting insulin infusion (0.1 U/kg/h or 1–5 U/h).1 ...
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Style points
GENERAL
You should only use italics for mathematical symbols (see below), titles of publications, foreign language and species names in biology (e.g. E. coli). Capitalisation should be minimal – use only for proper nouns and where required in acronyms.
SPELLING
Please check with the Pharmaceutical Press whether British or American English should be used. In general, use ‘–ise' endings in preference to ‘–ize', except in titles such as World Health Organization. See also the Pharmaceutical Press Spelling and style guide.
UNITS
Always use SI units unless there is a good reason for not doing so. If other units are used please put the SI equivalent in parentheses or provide a conversion table. Please refer to Units, Symbols, and Abbreviations 5th edn (Baron D N. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press, 1994) and be consistent in your use of units.
SYMBOLS
If you use many symbols in the text please provide a list. This will aid the typesetter in their job.
- Indicate whether they should be printed in roman, bold or italic type.
- Spell out the name of the symbol in the margin if there is any possibility of ambiguity.
Make sure that you use the same conventions for the lettering on the illustrations and in the captions to the illustrations as you have used in the main text.
The most important thing is to be consistent in your use of symbols and abbreviations.
ABBREVIATIONS
Apart from those that are most commonly used, all abbreviated words should be given in full when you first use them in a chapter, with the abbreviation in parentheses. Decide whether or not you intend to abbreviate and then stick to your decision throughout the text.
If you have a lot of relatively rare abbreviations provide us with a list of them.
FOOTNOTES
Avoid footnotes wherever possible, particularly within the main text. If there are instances where footnotes are essential, they should be typed at the end of each chapter, and numbered to match the numbers appearing within the text.
For footnotes to tables, see under Preparing tables and illustrations.
Equations, chemical formulae and organic structures
It may not be possible to present mathematical or chemical formulae adequately using a word processor. In these cases, insert the formulae by hand on your printout, both in the text and in displayed equations.
Organic structures should be drawn and submitted on separate sheets of paper with the point of insertion in the text clearly marked, whether or not they actually constitute a figure.
References
References should be collated at the end of the chapter or book; check with the Pharmaceutical Press whether you should use either the Harvard or the Vancouver system. If you are writing a single chapter, check with the editor of the book which system is being adopted.
Harvard System In the text the reference is cited as ‘Harman (1989)' or ‘(Harman, 1989)' depending on the context, and the references are listed alphabetically at the end of the text. Different papers, by the same author, in the same year are shown as ‘Harman (1989a)' etc. References with more than one author should be cited in the text with author name followed by et al. 'Harman et al. (1989)'
Vancouver System The references are numbered in their order of appearance in the text using arabic numerals either within square brackets, e.g. ‘[6]', or as superscripts. In the reference list the references should be listed in the same numerical sequence.
In the bibliography/reference list, please follow the journal abbreviation conventions of the Index Medicus or Martindale. For multi-authored books or papers, if there are more than four named authors or editors, you should give the first three names only followed by ‘et al.' Initials should be given without full stops. Check against the examples below that you have included all the required information.
Whichever referencing system you use be consistent.
A book by a single author or group of authors working together as one author
Harman R D (1989). Patient Care in Community Practice, 2nd edn. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
1. Harman R D. Patient Care in Community Practice, 2nd edn. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1989.
A multi-authored book
Newall A N, Anderson L A, Phillipson J D (1996). Herbal Medicines. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
1. Newall A N, Anderson L A, Phillipson J D. Herbal Medicines. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
An edited book
Wade A, Weller P J, eds (1994). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
1. Wade A, Weller P J, eds. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1994.
An article in an edited book
Kennedy E G (1991). Hepato-biliary disease with jaundice. In: Dodds L, ed. Drugs in Use. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 176–185.
1. Kennedy E G. Hepato-biliary disease with jaundice. In: Dodds L, ed. Drugs in Use. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1991: 176–185.
An article in a journal
Sarriá B, Cortijo J, Cabrera M, et al. (1989). Antagonism of calcium by zinc in guinea-pig isolated taenia caeci and trachealis muscle. Br J Pharmacol 97: 1519–1526.
1. Sarriá B, Cortijo J, Cabrera M, et al. Antagonism of calcium by zinc in guinea-pig isolated taenia caeci and trachealis muscle. Br J Pharmacol 1989; 97: 1519–1526.
A website
Cyclolab (1999). Cyclodextrin news, 13. http://hungary.com/cyclolab/cd_news (accessed 12 August 1999).
1. Cyclolab (1999). Cyclodextrin news, 13. http://hungary.com/cyclolab/cd_news (accessed 12 August 1999).
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For a list of some abbreviated journal titles click here. Please note, this list is not exhaustive and you should refer to the Index Medicus for more titles (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html).
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